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Technology & Privacy Law

Navigating the intersection of technology, data protection, and digital regulation — from GDPR and DPDP Act compliance to AI governance, SaaS contracts, and fintech legal frameworks.

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Legal Frameworks for the Digital Economy

Technology moves faster than regulation — but non-compliance can be devastating. From data breach penalties under GDPR to consent management under India's DPDP Act, from AI liability questions to open-source licensing risks, businesses face an expanding web of digital regulation that demands specialized legal counsel.

M S Sulthan Legal Associates brings deep expertise at the intersection of technology and law. We advise SaaS companies, fintech platforms, healthtech startups, e-commerce businesses, and enterprises on data protection compliance, technology contracts, digital governance frameworks, and regulatory strategy across India, EU, US, and Middle Eastern jurisdictions.

DPDPIndia Data Protection
GDPREU Compliance
CCPAUS Privacy Law
AIGovernance & Ethics
What We Handle

Our Technology & Privacy Services

Comprehensive legal support for the digital age — from data protection to AI governance.

Data Protection & Privacy Compliance

End-to-end compliance advisory under India's DPDP Act 2023, EU GDPR, US CCPA/CPRA, UAE PDPL, and other global privacy frameworks. We handle Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs), privacy policy drafting, consent management frameworks, Data Processing Agreements (DPAs), cross-border data transfer mechanisms (SCCs, adequacy decisions), and Data Protection Officer (DPO) advisory.

SaaS & Technology Contracts

Drafting and negotiating SaaS subscription agreements, cloud service agreements, API licensing terms, technology development contracts, IT outsourcing agreements, source code escrow arrangements, implementation agreements, and service level agreements (SLAs). We handle terms of service, acceptable use policies, and end-user license agreements (EULAs).

AI, Machine Learning & Emerging Tech

Legal advisory on AI governance frameworks, EU AI Act compliance, algorithmic bias auditing, AI ethics policies, training data licensing, generative AI terms of use, deepfake regulation, autonomous systems liability, and responsible AI deployment. We help businesses develop AI governance policies that balance innovation with regulatory compliance and risk management.

Fintech & Payment Regulations

Regulatory advisory for payment aggregators, digital lending platforms, NBFC-fintechs, neo-banks, and cryptocurrency exchanges. We handle RBI compliance (PA/PG guidelines, digital lending guidelines), SEBI regulations for investment platforms, UPI ecosystem compliance, prepaid instrument licensing, and cross-border remittance structuring.

E-Commerce & Platform Regulation

Legal compliance for e-commerce platforms under the Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules 2020, IT Act intermediary guidelines, marketplace vs. inventory model structuring, seller agreements, return/refund policies, FDI compliance for e-commerce, and advertising/endorsement regulations under ASCI guidelines.

Blockchain, Web3 & Crypto Legal

Legal structuring for blockchain projects, token classification analysis (utility vs. security), smart contract legal frameworks, DAO governance structures, NFT licensing and IP issues, crypto exchange compliance, virtual digital asset (VDA) taxation under Indian law, and AML/KYC compliance for Web3 platforms.

Data Breach Response & Incident Management

Data breach notification advisory, regulatory reporting obligations under DPDP Act and GDPR (72-hour notification), CERT-In incident reporting (6-hour mandate), forensic investigation coordination, affected party communication, regulatory liaison, and post-breach remediation planning. We also draft incident response plans and conduct tabletop exercises.

IT Act Compliance & Intermediary Guidelines

Compliance advisory under the Information Technology Act 2000, IT Rules 2021 (intermediary guidelines), social media intermediary obligations, content moderation policies, grievance officer appointments, compliance officer requirements for significant social media intermediaries (SSMIs), and takedown procedure frameworks.

Healthtech & Edtech Compliance

Regulatory advisory for telemedicine platforms (Telemedicine Practice Guidelines), health data protection, electronic health records compliance, edtech platform regulations, digital consent for health data, clinical trial data management, and sector-specific privacy requirements under DPDP Act for health and education data fiduciaries.

Legal Framework

Key Technology & Privacy Laws

India Privacy

DPDP Act 2023, IT Act 2000, IT Rules 2021, SPDI Rules 2011, CERT-In Directions 2022

Global Privacy

EU GDPR, US CCPA/CPRA, UAE PDPL, UK Data Protection Act 2018, Singapore PDPA

AI & Emerging Tech

EU AI Act, NITI Aayog AI Principles, OECD AI Principles, India's Digital India Act (proposed)

Fintech

RBI PA/PG Guidelines, Digital Lending Guidelines, SEBI Regulations, Payment & Settlement Act

E-Commerce

Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules 2020, FDI Policy (Press Note 2), ASCI Guidelines

Crypto & Blockchain

Income Tax (VDA Taxation), PMLA (crypto exchanges), RBI Circulars, FATF Travel Rule

Frequently Asked

Technology & Privacy FAQs

If your company processes personal data of individuals in the EU — whether through a website, app, SaaS product, or outsourced data processing — GDPR applies regardless of where your company is located. This means Indian IT companies, BPOs, SaaS providers, and e-commerce platforms serving EU customers must comply. Non-compliance can result in fines of up to €20 million or 4% of global annual revenue, whichever is higher.
The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 is India's first comprehensive data protection law. It governs how businesses (called "Data Fiduciaries") collect, process, store, and transfer personal data of individuals (called "Data Principals"). The law requires explicit consent for data processing, grants individuals rights to access, correction, and erasure, mandates data breach notification, and imposes penalties up to ₹250 crore. The rules are being finalized and the Act is expected to be enforced in phases.
Yes, this is a core part of our technology law practice. We draft SaaS subscription agreements, cloud service terms, API licensing agreements, software development contracts, implementation agreements, master service agreements, reseller/channel partner agreements, and white-label licensing terms. Every contract addresses data protection, SLA commitments, IP ownership, liability caps, indemnification, and termination rights specific to the technology sector.
Act immediately. Under CERT-In directions, you must report the incident within 6 hours of becoming aware. Under GDPR, you must notify the supervisory authority within 72 hours. Under the DPDP Act, you must notify the Data Protection Board and affected individuals. Beyond regulatory compliance, you should contain the breach, preserve forensic evidence, engage legal counsel to assess notification obligations, communicate with affected parties, and implement remedial measures. We provide 24/7 breach response support.
Yes. We advise companies building and deploying AI systems on the EU AI Act compliance (risk classification, transparency obligations, conformity assessments), training data licensing and copyright issues, algorithmic bias and fairness auditing, AI-generated content ownership, deepfake regulations, autonomous decision-making liability, and AI ethics governance frameworks. We also help draft internal AI use policies and acceptable use terms for AI-powered products.
Cryptocurrency is not banned in India but operates in a heavily regulated and taxed environment. The Supreme Court lifted the RBI banking ban in 2020. Since 2022, income from virtual digital assets (VDAs) is taxed at 30% with 1% TDS on transfers. Crypto exchanges must comply with PMLA (anti-money laundering) requirements. There is no specific comprehensive crypto regulation yet, but the government is expected to introduce one. We advise crypto businesses, traders, and exchanges on compliance, taxation, and regulatory strategy.

Need Technology or Privacy Legal Counsel?

From GDPR compliance to AI governance, SaaS contracts to fintech regulation — get expert legal advice for the digital economy.

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