Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
India's cryptocurrency taxation framework—already among the most stringent in the G20—has grown significantly more demanding since July 2025. The Union Budget 2026-27 deliberately kept the existing three-layer tax structure intact. However, it introduced a landmark new penalty regime under Sections 509 and 446 of the Income Tax Act, effective April 1, 2026, targeting crypto exchanges and reporting entities that fail to submit accurate transaction data.
Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
India occupies a paradoxical position in the global crypto landscape: it is home to the world's largest cryptocurrency user base—with over 100 million users and 861 million on-chain activity participants recorded by Chainalysis in 2025, topping the Global Crypto Adoption Index for the third consecutive year—yet remains without a single comprehensive crypto law.
Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
The regulatory framework for Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs) in India has definitively transitioned from ambiguous oversight to a stringent, technology-driven compliance mandate. Central to this paradigm shift is the Financial Intelligence Unit - India (FIU-IND), which has systematically tightened the onboarding and monitoring of VDA Service Providers (SPs) under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA).
Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
This report provides an exhaustive legal analysis of DApps in India. It dissects the enforceability of smart contracts, the categorization of Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs), the liability of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), and the compliance obligations for developers and users. It serves as a definitive guide for legal practitioners, developers, and investors navigating the Indian Web3 ecosystem.
Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
The regulatory trajectory of cryptocurrency in India has witnessed a paradigm shift- from an initial attempt at a blanket ban to a nuanced framework of strict taxation and anti-money laundering compliance. As of 2026, India has adopted a "middle path," influenced largely by the G20 Roadmap on Crypto Assets.
Blockchain & Cryptocurrency
Examining the legal mechanisms behind cryptocurrency seizures and the implementation of the 'Kill Switch' under the new I4C 2026 SOP.